Micronase: Effective Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes
| Product dosage: 5mg | |||
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Synonyms | |||
Micronase (glyburide) is a second-generation sulfonylurea oral antidiabetic medication indicated for the management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. It functions by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells, thereby helping to lower blood glucose levels. This medication is typically prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes diet, exercise, and, when necessary, other antihyperglycemic agents. Proper use under medical supervision can significantly contribute to achieving and maintaining target HbA1c levels, reducing the risk of long-term diabetic complications.
Features
- Active ingredient: Glyburide (USP)
- Available in tablet strengths: 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, and 5 mg
- Administration: Oral, once or twice daily
- Onset of action: Within 2–4 hours
- Duration of effect: Up to 24 hours (dose-dependent)
- Bioavailability: Approximately 90–100%
- Half-life: 10 hours (mean)
- Excretion: Primarily hepatic metabolism; metabolites excreted renally (50%) and fecally (50%)
Benefits
- Promotes sustained insulin secretion to help manage postprandial and fasting glucose levels
- Supports long-term glycemic control as reflected by reduced HbA1c
- May reduce the risk of microvascular complications associated with chronic hyperglycemia
- Convenient once- or twice-daily dosing supports adherence
- Well-established efficacy and safety profile in clinical use
- Can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents
Common use
Micronase is commonly prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes in adult patients when glycemic control cannot be achieved through diet and exercise alone. It is suitable for both newly diagnosed patients and those transitioning from other oral hypoglycemic agents. It may also be used adjunctively with metformin or insulin in cases where monotherapy provides insufficient glycemic control. Use in pediatric populations is not generally recommended due to limited safety and efficacy data.
Dosage and direction
The initial dose is typically 2.5–5 mg once daily, taken with breakfast or the first main meal. Dosage should be individualized based on glycemic response, with adjustments made in increments of no more than 2.5 mg at weekly intervals. The maximum recommended daily dose is 20 mg. For doses exceeding 10 mg per day, administration in divided doses (e.g., morning and evening) is advised. Patients should be instructed to take Micronase with food to minimize gastrointestinal upset and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.
Precautions
- Regular monitoring of blood glucose and HbA1c is essential.
- Use with caution in elderly patients, those with renal or hepatic impairment, and malnourished individuals due to increased hypoglycemia risk.
- Avoid use during pregnancy; consider insulin therapy for glycemic control in gestational diabetes.
- Inform healthcare providers of all concomitant medications to avoid potential interactions.
- Alcohol consumption should be avoided or limited, as it may increase the risk of hypoglycemia or disulfiram-like reactions.
- Patients should be educated on recognizing and managing symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to glyburide or any sulfonylurea or sulfonamide-derived drugs.
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis.
- Severe renal or hepatic impairment.
- Concomitant use with bosentan.
- Pregnancy and lactation (unless potential benefit justifies potential risk).
Possible side effect
Common side effects may include:
- Hypoglycemia (especially with missed meals, excessive exercise, or alcohol)
- Nausea, heartburn, or epigastric fullness
- Skin reactions such as rash or pruritus
- Weight gain
Less common but serious side effects:
- Severe hypoglycemia requiring intervention
- Hematologic effects (e.g., leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Hepatic dysfunction or jaundice
- Hyponatremia (SIADH)
- Photosensitivity reactions
Drug interaction
- Enhanced hypoglycemic effects with: insulin, other oral antidiabetics, ACE inhibitors, fibrates, fluconazole, sulfonamides, salicylates, MAO inhibitors, beta-blockers.
- Reduced efficacy with: thiazides, corticosteroids, estrogens, phenothiazines, thyroid products, phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetics, calcium channel blockers, isoniazid.
- Bosentan is contraindicated due to risk of hepatotoxicity.
- Warfarin: effect may be potentiated or diminished; monitor INR closely.
Missed dose
If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered on the same day. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. Instruct patients to monitor blood glucose and watch for symptoms of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose primarily include severe hypoglycemia: sweating, tremor, blurred vision, hunger, tachycardia, and in severe cases, seizures, coma, or neurological impairment. Management includes immediate glucose administration (oral or intravenous), continuous glucose monitoring, and supportive care. Hospitalization may be required for severe cases. Dialysis is not effective due to high protein binding.
Storage
Store at room temperature (20–25°C or 68–77°F) in a tightly closed container, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use after the expiration date printed on the packaging. Avoid storing in bathrooms or damp areas.
Disclaimer
This information is intended for educational purposes and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting, changing, or discontinuing any medication. Individual patient responses may vary. The prescribing physician should be informed of all medical conditions and concomitant medications.
Reviews
Clinical studies and post-marketing surveillance indicate that Micronase is effective in reducing HbA1c by an average of 1–2% when used as directed. Many patients report improved quality of life and glycemic stability. Some users note gastrointestinal discomfort or weight gain, though these are often manageable with dose adjustment or lifestyle modifications. Hypoglycemia remains the most frequently reported adverse effect, emphasizing the need for careful dosing and monitoring.