Levoflox: Potent Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Therapy
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| Product dosage: 500mg | |||
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Synonyms | |||
Levoflox is a high-potency fluoroquinolone antibiotic designed to combat a wide range of bacterial infections with precision and efficacy. As a synthetic chemotherapeutic agent, it demonstrates excellent tissue penetration and bactericidal activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. Its advanced pharmacokinetic profile ensures reliable systemic coverage, making it a first-line choice for clinicians treating moderate to severe bacterial infections. This product represents a significant advancement in antimicrobial therapy with proven clinical success rates.
Features
- Contains levofloxacin hemihydrate equivalent to 250mg, 500mg, or 750mg levofloxacin
- Available as film-coated tablets for oral administration
- Exhibits concentration-dependent bactericidal activity
- Demonstrates excellent bioavailability (>99%) with minimal food interference
- Provides broad-spectrum coverage including atypical pathogens
- Features predictable linear pharmacokinetics with dose proportionality
Benefits
- Rapid bacterial eradication through inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
- Comprehensive coverage of common respiratory, urinary, and skin pathogens
- Convenient once-daily dosing regimen improves patient compliance
- Proven clinical efficacy in community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections
- Reduced treatment duration compared to conventional antibiotics
- Lower risk of resistance development compared to narrower-spectrum agents
Common use
Levoflox is indicated for the treatment of adults with infections caused by susceptible strains of designated microorganisms. Primary indications include community-acquired pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or Chlamydophila pneumoniae. It is also approved for complicated urinary tract infections including pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Proteus mirabilis. Additional approved uses encompass acute bacterial sinusitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, complicated skin and skin structure infections, and inhalational anthrax exposure. Off-label use may include other gram-negative infections when susceptibility is confirmed.
Dosage and direction
The recommended dosage varies based on infection type and severity. For community-acquired pneumonia: 500mg once daily for 7-14 days. For complicated urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis: 250mg once daily for 10 days. For acute bacterial sinusitis: 500mg once daily for 10-14 days. Tablets should be swallowed whole with a full glass of water, without crushing or chewing. Administration may occur without regard to meals, though taking with food may minimize gastrointestinal discomfort. Dosing should be completed at evenly spaced intervals to maintain constant serum concentrations. Renal function must be assessed before initiation, with dosage adjustments required for patients with creatinine clearance below 50 mL/min.
Precautions
Patients should be advised that levofloxacin may cause dizziness and lightheadedness; therefore, caution should be exercised when driving or operating machinery. Adequate hydration should be maintained to prevent crystal formation in urine. Exposure to direct sunlight or ultraviolet light should be minimized due to photosensitivity risk. Tendon inflammation or rupture may occur, particularly in elderly patients, those receiving corticosteroid therapy, or patients with renal, heart, or lung transplants. Blood glucose disturbances may occur, requiring monitoring in diabetic patients. Neurological adverse effects including seizures, increased intracranial pressure, and peripheral neuropathy may develop.
Contraindications
Levoflox is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to levofloxacin, other quinolone antibiotics, or any component of the formulation. It must not be used in patients with history of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone administration. Concomitant administration with tizanidine is absolutely contraindicated. Use is prohibited in patients with myasthenia gravis due to potential exacerbation of muscle weakness. Pregnancy category C: not recommended during pregnancy unless potential benefit justifies potential risk to fetus. Not recommended for use in pediatric patients or nursing mothers due to risk of arthropathy.
Possible side effect
Common adverse reactions (≥1%) include nausea (3-7%), diarrhea (1-5%), headache (1-6%), constipation (1-3%), dizziness (1-3%), and insomnia (1-4%). Less frequent but serious side effects may include tendon rupture (particularly Achilles tendon), peripheral neuropathy, central nervous system effects (seizures, anxiety, confusion), QT interval prolongation, hypoglycemia, hepatic toxicity, and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Photosensitivity reactions occur in approximately 2% of patients. Hematologic abnormalities including leukopenia and eosinophilia may occur. Psychiatric reactions including depression and suicidal ideation have been reported.
Drug interaction
Significant interactions occur with multivalent cation-containing products (antacids, sucralfate, metal cations, didanosine) requiring separation of administration by at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after levofloxacin dose. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may increase CNS stimulation and seizure risk. Warfarin coadministration requires frequent INR monitoring due to potentiation of anticoagulant effect. QT-prolonging agents (antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics, antidepressants) may have additive effects on cardiac repolarization. Theophylline levels may increase, requiring monitoring and potential dosage adjustment. Insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents may require adjustment due to levofloxacin’s effects on glucose metabolism.
Missed dose
If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose. In that case, the missed dose should be skipped and the regular dosing schedule resumed. Patients should never take a double dose to make up for a missed one. Maintaining consistent blood levels is important for therapeutic efficacy, so patients should be instructed to establish a routine for daily administration. If multiple doses are missed, medical consultation is recommended to assess need for therapy extension.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include dizziness, tremor, nausea, vomiting, decreased consciousness, and seizures. ECG monitoring is recommended due to potential QT prolongation. Management is primarily supportive with careful observation and symptomatic treatment. Hemodialysis removes approximately 10% of the drug and may be considered in severe cases, though efficacy is limited. Gastric lavage may be beneficial if performed soon after ingestion. Acidification of urine is not recommended as it may increase crystal formation. Specific antidotes are not available. Patients should receive cardiac monitoring for at least 24 hours following significant overdose.
Storage
Store at controlled room temperature 20-25°C (68-77°F) with excursions permitted between 15-30°C (59-86°F). Protect from light and excessive moisture. Keep in original container with lid tightly closed. Do not store in bathroom medicine cabinet due to humidity fluctuations. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use if the seal is broken or tablets show signs of deterioration. Properly discard any unused medication after completion of therapy or expiration date.
Disclaimer
This information is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Treatment decisions should be made by qualified healthcare professionals based on individual patient circumstances. The prescribing physician should be consulted regarding specific medical conditions or concerns. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, manufacturer prescribing information should be consulted for complete details. Patients should not discontinue or modify therapy without medical supervision.
Reviews
Clinical studies demonstrate levofloxacin efficacy rates of 85-95% across approved indications. In a multicenter trial of community-acquired pneumonia, clinical success rates reached 92% with 500mg daily dosing. For complicated urinary tract infections, microbiological eradication rates exceed 90% for common uropathogens. Post-marketing surveillance indicates generally favorable tolerability profile with discontinuation rates due to adverse events below 5%. Healthcare providers report reliable performance in empiric therapy when local resistance patterns are considered. Patient satisfaction surveys indicate preference for once-daily dosing convenience compared to multiple-daily regimens.