Keftab: Effective Bacterial Infection Treatment with Cephalexin
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Keftab, known generically as cephalexin, is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic designed to combat a wide range of bacterial infections. It operates by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to the eradication of susceptible pathogens. Clinically trusted for decades, Keftab is prescribed for respiratory, skin, urinary tract, and middle ear infections, among others. Its reliable pharmacokinetic profile ensures adequate tissue penetration and consistent bactericidal activity, making it a frontline choice for healthcare providers seeking a well-tolerated and efficacious treatment option.
Features
- Active ingredient: cephalexin (as monohydrate)
- Available in 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1 g oral tablets
- Bactericidal action against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria
- Rapid absorption with peak serum concentrations within 1 hour
- FDA-approved for multiple indications
- Prescription-only medication
Benefits
- Effectively eliminates common bacterial pathogens, reducing infection duration and severity.
- High bioavailability ensures consistent therapeutic drug levels with oral administration.
- Well-established safety profile suitable for both adult and pediatric patients (with age-appropriate dosing).
- Minimal interference with routine activities due to low incidence of severe side effects.
- Cost-effective generic option widely available, improving accessibility.
- Reduces risk of complications from untreated bacterial infections, such as abscess formation or systemic spread.
Common use
Keftab (cephalexin) is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms, including:
- Respiratory tract infections (e.g., pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis)
- Skin and soft tissue infections (e.g., cellulitis, impetigo)
- Urinary tract infections (e.g., cystitis, pyelonephritis)
- Bone and joint infections (e.g., osteomyelitis, when caused by susceptible organisms)
- Otitis media (middle ear infection)
- Prophylaxis in certain surgical procedures (e.g., orthopedic or cardiovascular surgery, as directed)
Dosage and direction
Dosage should be adjusted based on the infection’s severity, pathogen susceptibility, and patient factors such as renal function.
- Adults: The usual dose is 250 mg to 1 g orally every 6 to 12 hours, depending on indication. For severe infections, higher doses may be required.
- Children: Typically dosed at 25–100 mg/kg/day divided into 2–4 doses, not exceeding adult doses.
- Renal impairment: Dosage adjustment is necessary. For creatinine clearance below 10 mL/min, a maximum of 500 mg every 8–12 hours is recommended.
- Administration: Should be taken with food to minimize gastrointestinal upset. Complete the full prescribed course even if symptoms improve earlier.
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.
- Prolonged use may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, including fungi.
- Perform culture and susceptibility testing to confirm pathogen susceptibility when possible.
- Monitor renal function periodically during therapy in patients with preexisting renal impairment.
- Inform patients that Keftab may cause false-positive reactions for glucose in the urine with certain tests (e.g., Benedict’s solution).
Contraindications
Keftab is contraindicated in patients with:
- Known hypersensitivity to cephalexin or any cephalosporin antibiotics.
- A history of severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to penicillins or other beta-lactam antibiotics, due to cross-reactivity risk.
Possible side effect
Common side effects (generally mild and transient):
- Gastrointestinal disturbances: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
- Dizziness, fatigue
- Headache
- Vaginal candidiasis or vaginitis
Less common but serious side effects (seek medical attention if experienced):
- Severe diarrhea (may indicate Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea)
- Allergic reactions: rash, urticaria, pruritus, angioedema
- Serum sickness-like reactions
- Hepatotoxicity (elevated liver enzymes, jaundice)
- Blood dyscrasias (e.g., neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Interstitial nephritis
Drug interaction
- Probenecid: May increase cephalexin serum levels by reducing renal excretion.
- Oral anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): Potential enhancement of anticoagulant effect; monitor INR.
- Metformin: Cephalexin may increase metformin concentrations; monitor and adjust as needed.
- Live bacterial vaccines: Antibiotics may interfere with vaccine efficacy; avoid concurrent use.
- Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, loop diuretics): Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
Missed dose
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, and hematuria. Management is supportive; gastric lavage may be beneficial if undertaken shortly after ingestion. Hemodialysis can aid in removing cephalexin from the bloodstream.
Storage
Store at room temperature (15–30°C or 59–86°F) in a tightly closed container. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use after the expiration date.
Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any new medication or changing your treatment plan. Do not disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it based on content provided here.
Reviews
Clinical studies and patient reports consistently affirm Keftab’s efficacy and tolerability. In a meta-analysis of respiratory infections, cephalexin demonstrated clinical cure rates exceeding 85%. Patient feedback often highlights rapid symptom relief and minimal side effects, though gastrointestinal discomfort is occasionally noted. Physicians appreciate its reliability for empiric therapy in community-acquired infections, citing its favorable benefit-risk profile.