Cefaclor: Effective Treatment for Bacterial Infections
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Cefaclor is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic prescribed for a wide range of bacterial infections. It functions by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to the eradication of susceptible pathogens. This oral medication is commonly utilized in both adult and pediatric populations due to its broad-spectrum activity and favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Healthcare providers value cefaclor for its reliability in treating common community-acquired infections when narrower-spectrum alternatives are unsuitable or ineffective.
Features
- Belongs to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics, specifically a second-generation agent
- Available in oral formulations including capsules, tablets, and suspension
- Demonstrates activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
- Acid-stable, allowing for effective absorption from the gastrointestinal tract
- Typically dosed two to three times daily, depending on infection severity
Benefits
- Effectively eliminates pathogenic bacteria responsible for respiratory, skin, and urinary tract infections
- Provides convenient oral administration, facilitating outpatient treatment and improved compliance
- Offers broad-spectrum coverage while maintaining a generally favorable safety profile
- Suitable for pediatric patients through available suspension formulations
- Demonstrates reliable tissue penetration at common sites of infection
- Reduces risk of complication progression when administered appropriately
Common use
Cefaclor is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of designated microorganisms. Common clinical applications include pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and staphylococci. It is also employed for lower respiratory tract infections including pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Skin and skin structure infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci represent another frequent indication. Additionally, cefaclor is utilized for urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella species, and coagulase-negative staphylococci.
Dosage and direction
The dosage of cefaclor should be adjusted according to the severity of infection, susceptibility of the causative organisms, and the patient’s renal function. For adults, the usual dose ranges from 250 mg to 500 mg every 8 hours. For more severe infections or those caused by less susceptible organisms, doses up to 1 gram every 8 hours may be administered. Pediatric dosing is typically based on body weight, with 20-40 mg/kg per day divided into two or three doses. The maximum pediatric dose should not exceed 1 gram per day. Administration with food may enhance absorption and reduce gastrointestinal discomfort. The full prescribed course should be completed even if symptoms improve earlier to prevent recurrence and development of resistance.
Precautions
Before initiating cefaclor therapy, careful inquiry should be made concerning previous hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins, penicillins, or other drugs. Use with caution in patients with history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. Prolonged use may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, including fungi. If superinfection occurs during therapy, appropriate measures should be taken. In patients with renal impairment, dosage adjustment may be necessary as cefaclor is excreted primarily by the kidneys. False positive reactions for glucose in the urine may occur with Benedict’s or Fehling’s solutions but not with enzyme-based tests. Positive direct Coombs tests have been reported during treatment with cephalosporin antibiotics.
Contraindications
Cefaclor is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics. Cross-hypersensitivity may occur in patients allergic to penicillins; approximately 10% of penicillin-allergic patients will have allergic reactions to cephalosporins. The antibiotic is also contraindicated in patients who have experienced Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, or other severe cutaneous adverse reactions previously with cefaclor or other cephalosporins. Those with a history of antibiotic-associated colitis or pseudomembranous colitis should avoid cefaclor unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
Possible side effect
The most frequently reported adverse reactions associated with cefaclor include gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea (occurring in approximately 2.5% of patients), nausea and vomiting (less than 1%), and abdominal pain. Hypersensitivity reactions manifested by skin eruptions including morbilliform eruptions, pruritus, urticaria, and serum sickness-like reactions have been reported. Serum sickness-like reactions, characterized by arthralgia, fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy, occur more frequently in children than adults. Transient abnormalities in laboratory findings may include elevations in hepatic enzymes, eosinophilia, and neutropenia. Less common side effects include headache, dizziness, and vaginitis. As with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, pseudomembranous colitis has been reported rarely.
Drug interaction
Probenecid may decrease renal tubular secretion of cephalosporins when administered concurrently, resulting in increased and prolonged blood levels of cefaclor. The administration of cefaclor may result in a false-positive reaction for glucose in the urine when using cupric sulfate solution (Benedict’s solution, Fehling’s solution, or Clinitest® tablets). Cefaclor may enhance the effect of warfarin and other oral anticoagulants, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding; close monitoring of coagulation parameters is recommended. Concomitant administration with bacteriostatic antibiotics may interfere with the bactericidal activity of cefaclor. The antibiotic may reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives; additional contraceptive methods are recommended during treatment.
Missed dose
If a dose of cefaclor is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, the missed dose should be skipped and the regular dosing schedule resumed. Patients should not double the dose to make up for a missed administration. Maintaining consistent antibiotic blood levels is important for therapeutic efficacy, but occasional missed doses are unlikely to significantly impact treatment outcomes if the overall regimen is followed consistently. Healthcare providers should be consulted if multiple doses are missed or if uncertainty exists about how to proceed with the medication schedule.
Overdose
Symptoms of cefaclor overdose may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, and diarrhea. The severity of these symptoms is generally proportional to the quantity ingested. In cases of significant overdose, hemodialysis may aid in the removal of cefaclor from the bloodstream. Serum levels of the antibiotic can be measured if overdose is suspected. Management should be supportive and symptomatic, with particular attention to electrolyte balance and renal function. Activated charcoal may be administered if ingestion was recent. Patients should be monitored for signs of hypersensitivity reactions even in overdose situations. Medical toxicology consultation is recommended for significant ingestions.
Storage
Cefaclor capsules and tablets should be stored at controlled room temperature between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) in a tightly closed container. Protect from moisture and light. The oral suspension, after reconstitution, should be stored in the refrigerator between 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) and discarded after 14 days. Keep all medications out of reach of children and pets. Do not store in bathroom cabinets where moisture levels may fluctuate. Do not use cefaclor beyond the expiration date printed on the packaging, as potency cannot be guaranteed.
Disclaimer
This information is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or medication. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read herein. The manufacturer’s prescribing information should be consulted for complete details regarding administration, warnings, and precautions.
Reviews
Clinical studies have demonstrated cefaclor’s efficacy in treating various bacterial infections, with success rates typically exceeding 85% for approved indications. Medical professionals note its reliable activity against common respiratory pathogens, though increasing resistance patterns require ongoing susceptibility testing. Patient satisfaction surveys indicate generally good tolerance, though gastrointestinal side effects remain the most common reason for discontinuation. The convenience of twice or three-times daily dosing is frequently cited as advantageous for compliance compared to more frequent dosing regimens. Comparative studies show cefaclor remains a valuable option when first-line antibiotics are contraindicated or ineffective.